transmitting data over wireless to a smartphone or a PC to monitor the user’s real-time

heartbeat. The data received from the SUPS was comparable to the commercial pulse

sensors and included the added advantage of transmitting the information over a

wireless data transmission system to the user’s smartphone by a simple homemade

data receiver circuit. The results obtained from the SUPS were highly comparable with

the commercial medical devices and made SUPS a significant candidate.

20.4.2 Self-Powered Breath Sensors

The reparation process is primary for living beings to survive and perform their normal

physiological activities. Thus, monitoring the reparation rhythm is of primary importance

to determine the overall condition of a patient. Over the past years, there have been

several devices, and based on the NGs, these devices have developed into state-of-the-art

devices. The human-machine interface (HMI) plays a critical role in many devices.

FIGURE 20.4

(a) Illustration of a breath sensor fabricated using the TENG technology; (b and c) the output performance of the

TENG in terms of the voltage and power density of the sensor. Adapted with permission from Reference [ 20],

Copyright (2019), Elsevier; (d) Illustration of biocompatible and disposable smart mask functioning as a breath

sensor and provides additional benefit for human health monitoring; (e and f) the performance of the bio­

compatible TENG in single and double TENG configuration. Adapted with permission [ 21], Copyright (2019),

American Chemical Society; (g and h) a breath sensor fabricated using the PyNG and fitted around the region

marked by the curved arrow, along with their performance under normal and fast breathing conditions at 15°C.

Adapted with permission [ 22], Copyright (2019), Elsevier.

Self-Powered Devices

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